The Theory section in Book Two begins with a review of concepts previously learned, then moves forward into more advanced lessons. Key signatures and the circle of fifths/fourths are introduced, and music reading progresses with new technique and expression markings. Students are introduced to challenging new rhythms, and melodic and harmonic intervals are explored. Each lesson is carefully reinforced through specific Review pages.

Ear Training continues to play a vital role in Book Two, with aural exercises appearing throughout the book wherever new theory concepts are learned. These aural exercises reinforce student understanding and immediately put new theory into practice.

The History section of Book Two presents more detail on each of the musical eras from the Middle Ages through the 20th century. Composers, performers, and important musical events are presented in the historical context of their day. A greater understanding of the historical context in which music was created sets the course for a lifetime of music appreciation.